Overview
The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy – Fatigue Scale (FACIT-Fatigue) is a 13-item measure that assesses self-reported fatigue and its impact upon daily activities and function. It was developed in the mid-1990’s to meet a growing demand for more precise evaluation of fatigue associated with anemia in cancer patients. Subsequent to its development, it has been employed in over 150 published studies including over 40,000 people. Since 1995, studied groups have included cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, cancer patients not receiving chemotherapy, long term cancer survivors, childhood cancer survivors and several other clinical samples, including people with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, systemic sclerosis/scleroderma, sarcoidosis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), stroke, HIV/AIDS, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), hidradenitis suppurativa, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, primary Sjögren’s syndrome, Gaucher disease, chronic immune thrombocytopenia, chronic kidney disease, and Parkinson’s disease, as well as the general United States population. In all cases, the FACIT-Fatigue has been found to be reliable and valid. It is a subset of the longer (47-item) Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Anemia (FACT-An), which includes the 27-item FACT-G and a 20-item subscale addressing additional concerns associated with the anemia of cancer and its treatment. This 20-item subscale, referred to as the anemia subscale, is comprised of 13 items that assess fatigue and its impact (the FACIT-Fatigue), and 7 additional symptoms associated with anemia (e.g., shortness of breath; headache).
MEASURE NAME:
Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy – Fatigue Scale (FACIT-Fatigue)
VERSION:
4
NUMBER OF ITEMS:
13
PATIENT POPULATION:
Patients 18 years and older experiencing fatigue
RECALL PERIOD:
Past 7 days
RESPONSE SCALE:
5 point Likert-type scale
DATA COLLECTION:
Paper and electronic
ADMINISTRATION:
Self-administration and interview when applicable
SUBSCALE DOMAINS:
Fatigue
TIME FOR COMPLETION:
Less than 5 minutes
SCORING:
Manual scoring template, some items are reverse scored. Total scores possible. SAS/SPSS algorithms available.
RELATED MEASURES:
Language Availability
Available translations of the FACIT-Fatigue can be obtained by registering for permission. Users are not permitted to translate the FACIT-Fatigue without permission from FACIT.org. Permission from FACIT.org to translate the FACIT-Fatigue may also be contingent upon timeline expectations and availability of FACIT staff. Translations must undergo a rigorous methodology under the guidance of FACIT.org which includes multiple translators, QA steps and cognitive interviews with patients. For commercial use, FACITtrans is the approved translation vendor to translate the FACIT measurement system.
Please contact us for more information.
Licensing
Licensing fees are assessed on a per trial/per measure basis for commercial use. There is no fee for use of the English version, but a license should be obtained.
Non-commercial use is assessed on a case-by-case basis. Licensing fees are typically not applied to investigator-initiated research, students, or clinical use.
To license an available version of this measure for commercial or non-commercial use, please complete our registration form. All of the information provided in the form will be kept strictly confidential. For questions, please contact us.
Selected References
Yellen SB, Cella DF, Webster K, Blendowski C, and Kaplan E. Measuring fatigue and other anemia-related symptoms with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) measurement system. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 1997; 13(2):63-74.
Alexander M, Kewalramani R, Agodoa I, Globe D. Association of anemia correction with health related quality of life in patients not on dialysis. Current Medical Research and Opinion 2007; 23(12):2997-3008.
Alibhai SM, Breunis H, Timilshina N, Brignardello-Petersen R, Tomlinson G, Mohamedali H, Gupta V, Minden MD, Li M, Buckstein R, Brandwein JM. Quality of life and physical function in adults treated with intensive chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia improve over time independent of age. J Geriatr Oncol. 2015 Jul;6(4):262-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jgo.2015.04.002. Epub 2015 May 2. PMID: 25944029.
Bae SC, Gun SC, Mok CC, Khandker R, Nab HW, Koenig AS, Vlahos B, Pedersen R, Singh A. Improved health outcomes with Etanercept versus usual DMARD therapy in an Asian population with established rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2013; 14:13.
Berndt E, Kallich J, McDermott A, Xu X, Lee H, Glaspy J. Reductions in anaemia and fatigue are associated with improvements in productivity in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Pharmacoeconomics 2005; 23(5):505-14.
Boccia R, Malik IA, Raja V, Kahanic S, Liu R, Lillie T, Tomita D, Clowney B, Silberstein P. Darbepoetin alfa administered every three weeks is effective for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced anemia. Oncologist 2006; 11(4):409-17.
Bonomi AE, Cella DF, Hahn EA, Bjordal K, Sperner B, Gangeri L., Bergman B, Willems J, Hanquet P, Zittoun R. Multilingual translation of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) quality of life measurement system. Quality of Life Research 1996; 5:1-12.
Boogaerts M, Coiffier B, Kainz C and the Epoetin β QOL Working Group. Impact of epoetin β on quality of life in patients with malignant disease. British Journal of Cancer 2003; 88(7):988-995.
Brodsky RA, Young NS, Antonioli E, Risitano AM, Schrezenmeier H, Schubert J, Gaya A, Coyle L, de Castro C, Fu CL, Maciejewski JP, Bessler M, Kroon HA, Rother RP, Hillmen P. Multicenter phase 3 study of the complement inhibitor eculizumab for the treatment of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Blood 2008; 111(4):1840-7.
Brown DJ, McMillan DC, Milroy R. The correlation between fatigue, physical function, the systemic inflammatory response, and psychological distress in patients with advanced lung cancer. Cancer 2005; 103(2):377-82.
Brucker P, Yost K, Cashy J, Webster K, Cella D. General population and cancer patient norms for the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – General (FACT-G). Evaluation & the Health Professions 2005; 28(2):192-211.
Bruera E, El Osta B, Valero V, Driver LC, Pei BL, Shen L, Poulter VA, Palmer JL. Donepezil for cancer fatigue: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2007; 25(3):3475-81.
Bruera E, Strasser F, Shen L, Palmer JL, Willey J, Driver LC, Burton AW. The effect of donepezil on sedation and other symptoms in patients receiving opioids for cancer pain: a pilot study. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 2003; 26(5):1049-54.
Bruera E, Valero V, Driver L, Shen L, Willey J, Zhang T, Palmer JL. Patient-controlled methylphenidate for cancer fatigue: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2006; 24(13):2073-8.
Butler JM Jr, Case LD, Atkins J, Frizzell B, Sanders G, Griffin P, Lesser G, McMullen K, McQuellon, R, Naughton M, Rapp S, Stieber V, Shaw EG. A phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled prospective randomized clinical trial of d-threo-methylphenidate HCl in brain tumor patients receiving radiation therapy. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 2007; 69(5):1496-501.
Butt, Z., Rao, A., Lai, J., Abernethy, A., Rosenbloom, S., & Cella, D. Age associated differences in fatigue among patients with cancer. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 2010; 40(2): 217-223. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2009.12.01.
Butt Z, Lai JS, Rao D, Heinemann AW, Bill A, Cella D. Measurement of fatigue in cancer, stroke, and HIV using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy – Fatigue (FACIT-F) scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2013; 74:64-68.
Campbell RCJ, Batley M, Hammond A, Ibrahim F, Kingsley G, Scott DL. The impact of disease activity, pain, disability and treatments on fatigue in established rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2012; 31:717-722.
Carlson LE, Smith D, Russell J, Fibich C, Whittaker T. Individualized exercise program for the treatment of severe fatigue in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant: a pilot study. Bone Marrow Transplantation 2006; 37(10):945-54.
Cella DF. Quality of life in cancer patients experiencing fatigue and anemia. Anemia in Oncology, March, 1998: 2-4.
Cella DF. The effects of anemia and anemia treatment on the quality of life of people with cancer. Oncology 2002; 16(9 suppl.):125-132.
Cella DF. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Anemia (FACT-An) Scale: A New Tool for the Assessment of Outcomes in Cancer Anemia and Fatigue. Seminars in Hematology 1997; 34(3, suppl. 2):13-19.
Cella DF. Factors Influencing Quality of Life in Cancer Patients: Anemia and Fatigue. Seminars in Oncology 1998; 25(3):43-46.
Cella D, Yount S, Sorensen M, Chartash E, Sengupta N, Grober J. Validation of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Fatigue Scale relative to other instrumentation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Rheumatology 2005; 32(5):811-9.
Cella DF, Eton DT, Lai, J, Peterman AH, Merkel DE. Combining anchor and distribution-based methods to derive minimal clinically important differences on the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) Anemia and Fatigue Scales. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2002; 24(6):547-561.
Cella DF, Lai J, Chang C, Peterman A, Slavin M. Fatigue in cancer patients compared with fatigue in the general United States population. Cancer 2002; 94(2):528-538.
Cella D, Lai JS, Stone A. Self-reported fatigue: one dimension or more? Lessons from the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy – Fatigue (FACIT-F) questionnaire. Support Care Cancer 2011; 19:1441-1450.
Cella DF and Webster K. Linking outcomes management to quality-of-life measurement. Oncology 1997; 11(11A):232-235.
Cella DF, Zagari MJ, Vandoros C, Gagnon DD, Hurtz HJ, Nortier JWR. Epoetin alfa treatment results in clinically significant improvements in quality of life in anemic cancer patients when referenced to the general population. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2003; 21(2):366-373.
Cella, D., de la Loge, C., Fofana, F. et al. The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue (FACIT-Fatigue) scale in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: psychometric properties and clinically meaningful thresholds for interpretation. J Patient Rep Outcomes 8, 92 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-024-00769-x
Chandran V, Bhella S, Schentag CT, Gladman DD. Functional assessment of chronic illness therapy-fatigue scale is valid in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2007; 66(7):936-9.
Chang C-H, Bresnahan B, Gagnon D, Zagari M, McNulty P, Vercammen E, Georgoulias V, Husseini F, Cella D. Testing the validity of pooling multilingual health-related quality of life data from a multinational trial of Epoetin alfa in anemic cancer patients receiving nonplatinum-based chemotherapy. Unpublished manuscript.
Chang CH, Cella D, Clarke S, Heinemann AW, Von Roenn JH, Harvey R. Should symptoms be scaled for intensity, frequency, or both?. Palliative & Supportive Care 2003; 1(1):51-60.
Chang J, Couture F, Young S, McWatters KL, Lau CY. Weekly epoetin alfa maintains hemoglobin, improves quality of life, and reduces transfusion in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005; 23(12):2597-605.
Chauffier K, Salliot C, Berenbaum F, Sellam J. Effect of biotherapies on fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Rheumatology 2012; 51:60-68.
Cohen SB, Emery P, Greenwald MW, Dougados M, Furie RA, Genovese MC, Keystone EC, Loveless JE, Burmester GR, Cravets MW, Hessey EW, Shaw T, Totoritis MC; REFLEX Trial Group. Rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy: Results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial evaluating primary efficacy and safety at twenty-four weeks. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2006; 54(9):2793-806.
Courneya KS, Friedenreich CM, Sela RA, Quinney HA, Rhodes RE, Handman M. The group psychotherapy and home-based physical exercise (group-hope) trial in cancer survivors: physical fitness and quality of life outcomes. Psycho-Oncology 2003; 12(4):357-74.
Crawford J, Cella DF, Cleeland CS, Cremieux P, Demetri GD, Sarokhan BJ, Slavin MB, Glaspy JA. Relationship between changes in hemoglobin level and quality of life during chemotherapy in anemic cancer patients receiving epoetin alfa therapy. Cancer 2002; 95(4):888-895.
Dahele M, Skipworth RJ, Wall L, Voss A, Preston T, Fearon KC. Objective physical activity and self-reported quality of life in patients receiving palliative chemotherapy. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 2007; 33(6):676-685.
Demetri GD, Kris M, Wade J, Degos L, Cella DF. Quality-of-life benefit in chemotherapy patients treated with epoetin alfa is independent of disease response or tumor type: results from a prospective community oncology study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1998; 16(10):3412-3425.
Dubois D, Dhawan R, van de Velde H, Esseltine D, Gupta S, Viala M, de la Loge C. Descriptive and prognostic value of patient-reported outcomes: the bortezomib experience in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2006; 24(6):976-82.
Eremenco, S., Arnold, B., Cella, D. A comprehensive method for the translation and cross-cultural validation of health status questionnaires. Evaluation & the Health Professions 2005; 28(2): 212-232.
Fairclough DL, Gagnon DD, Zagari MJ, Marschner N, Dicato M. Epoetin Alfa Study Group. Evaluation of quality of life in a clinical trial with nonrandom dropout: the effect of epoetin alfa in anemic cancer patients. Quality of Life Research 2003; 12(8):1013-27.
Fallowfield L, Gagnon D, Zagari M, Cella D, Bresnahan B, Littlewood TJ, McNulty P, Gorzegno G, Freund M. Epoetin Alfa Study Group. Multivariate regression analyses of data from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study confirm quality of life benefit of epoetin alfa in patients receiving non-platinum chemotherapy. British Journal of Cancer 2002; 87(12):1341-53.
Fan HG, Houede-Tchen N, Yi QL, Chemerynsky I, Downie FP, Sabate K, Tannock IF. Fatigue, menopausal symptoms, and cognitive function in women after adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: 1- and 2-year follow-up of a prospective controlled study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005; 23(31):8025-32.
Fisher MI, Cohn JC, Harrington SE, Lee JQ, Malone D, Screening and Assessment of Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Clinical Practice Guideline for Health Care Providers, Physical Therapy, Volume 102, Issue 9, September 2022, pzac120, https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzac120.
Fragiadaki K, Tektonidou MG, Konsta M, Chrousos GP, Sfikakis PP. Sleep disturbances and interleukin 6 receptor inhibition in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2012; 39:60-62.
Gabrilove JL, Cleeland CS, Livingston RB, Sarokhan B, Winer E, Einhorn LH. Clinical evaluation of once-weekly dosing of epoetin alfa in chemotherapy patients: improvements in hemoglobin and quality of life are similar to three-times-weekly dosing. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2001; 19(11):2875-2882.
Genovese MC, Han C, Keystone EC, Hsia EC, Buchanan J, Gathany T, Murphy FT, Wu Z, Parasuraman S, Rahman MU. Effect of golimumab on patient-reported outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis: results from the GO-FORWARD study. J Rheumatol 2012; 39:1185-1191.
Gladman DD, Mease PJ, Cifaldi MA, Perdok RJ, Sasso E, Medich J. Adalimumab improves joint-related and skin-related functional impairment in patients with psoriatic arthritis: patient-reported outcomes of the Adalimumab Effectiveness in Psoriatic Arthritis Trial. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2007; 66(2):163-8.
Glaspy J, Degos L, Dicato M, Demetri GD. Comparable efficacy of epoetin alfa for anemic cancer patients receiving platinum- and nonplatinum-based chemotherapy: a retrospective subanalysis of two large, community-based trials. Oncologist 2002; 7:126-135.
Glaspy JA, Jadeja JS, Justice G, Kessler J, Richards D, Schwartzberg L, Tchekmedyian NS, Armstrong S, O’Byrne J, Rossi G, Colowick AB. Darbepoetin alfa given every 1 or 2 weeks alleviates anaemia associated with cancer chemotherapy. British Journal of Cancer 2002; 87:268-276.
Godino C, Jodar L, Duran A, Martinez I, Schiaffino A. Nursing education as an intervention to decrease fatigue perception in oncology patients. European Journal of Oncology Nursing 2006; 10(2):150-5.
Goligher EC, Pouchot J, Brant R, Kherani RB, Avina-Zubieta JA, Lacaille D, Lehman AJ, Ensworth S, Kopec J, Esdaile JM, Liang MH. Minimal clinically important difference for 7 measures of fatigue in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2008; 35(4):635-642.
Graziano F, Bisonni R, Catalano V, Silva R, Rovidati S, Mencarini E, Ferraro B, Canestrari F, Baldelli AM, De Gaetano A, Giordani P, Testa E, Lai V. Potential role of levocarnitine supplementation for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced fatigue in non-anaemic cancer patients. British Journal of Cancer 2002; 86(12):1854-7.
Hagell P, Hoglund A, Reimer J, Eriksson B, Knutsson I, Widner H, Cella D. Measuring fatigue in Parkinson's disease: a psychometric study of two brief generic fatigue questionnaires. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 2006; 32(5):420-32.
Hagell P, Rosblom T, Palhagen S. A Swedish version of the 16-item Parkinson fatigue scale (PFS-16). Acta Neurol Scand 2012; 125:288-292.
Hahn E, Cella D. Health outcomes assessment in vulnerable populations: measurement challenges and recommendations. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2003; 84(Suppl 2):S35-S42.
Hahn EA, Rao D, Cella D, Choi SW. Comparability of interview- and self-administration of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – General (FACT-G) in English- and Spanish- speaking ambulatory cancer patients. Medical Care 2008; 46(4):423-31.
Haldorsen K, Bjelland I, Bolstad AI, Jonsson R, Brun JG. A five-year prospective study of fatigue in primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13(5):R167.
Harel D, Thombs BD, Hudson M, Baron M, Steele R on behalf of Canadian Scleroderma Research Group. Measuring fatigue in SSc: a comparison of the Short Form-36 Vitality subscale and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy – Fatigue scale. Rheumatology 2012; 51:2177-2185.
Headley JA, Ownby KK, John LD, The effect of seated exercise on fatigue and quality of life in women with advanced breast cancer. Oncology Nursing Forum. Online 2004; 31(5):977-83.
Hillmen P, Young NS, Schubert J, Brodsky RA, Socie G, Muus P, Roth A, Szer J, Elebute MO, Nakamura R, Browne P, Risitano AM, Hill A, Schrezenmeier H, Fu CL, Maciejewski J, Rollins SA, Mojcik CF, Rother RP, Luzzatto L. The complement inhibitor eculizumab in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. New England Journal of Medicine 2006; 355(12):1233-43.
Hudis CA, Vogel CL, Gralow JR, Williams D, Procrit Study Group. Weekly epoetin alfa during adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: effect on hemoglobin levels and quality of life. Clinical Breast Cancer 2005; 6(2):132-42.
Hwang SS, Chang VT, Cogswell J, Kasimis BS. Clinical relevance of fatigue levels in cancer patients at a Veterans Administrative medical center. Cancer 2002; 94(9):2481-2489.
Hwang SS, Chang VT, Kasimis BS. A comparison of three fatigue measures in veterans with cancer. Cancer Investigation 2003; 21(3):363-373.
Jones PW, Brusselle G, Dal Negro RW, Ferrer M, Kardos P, Levy ML, Perez T, Soler-Cataluña JJ, van der Molen T, Adamek L, Banik N. Health-related quality of life in patients with COPD severity within primary care in Europe. Respiratory Medicine 2011; 105:57-66.
Jones M, Schenkel B, Just J, Fallowfield L. Epoetin alfa improves quality of life in patients with cancer: results of metaanalysis. Cancer 2004; 101(8):1720-32.
Junghaenel DU, Christodoulou C, Lai JS, Stone AA. Demographic correlates of fatigue in the US general population: results from the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) initiative. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2011; 71:117-123.
Kallich J, Erder MH, Glaspy J, Vansteenkiste J, Rossi G, Poulsen E. Improvement in hemoglobin levels improves health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of anemic cancer patients. European Journal of Cancer 2001; 37:441. ECCO Poster.
Kallich JD, Tchekmedyian NS, Damiano AM, Shi J, Black JT, Erder MH. Psychological outcomes associated with anemia-related fatigue in cancer patients. Oncology 2002; 16(9, Suppl.):117-124.
Keystone E, Burmester GR, Furie R, Loveless JE, Emery P, Kremer J, Tak PP, Broder MS, Yu E, Cravets M, Magrini F, Jost F. Improvement in patient-reported outcomes in a rituximab trial in patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2008; 59(6):785-793.
Kosinski M, Gajria K, Fernandes AW, Cella D. Qualitative validation of the FACIT-Fatigue scale in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2013; 22:422-430.
Kotasek D, Canon JL, Mateos MV, Hedenus M, Rossi G, Taylor K. A randomized, controlled trial comparing darbepoetin alfa correction/maintenance dosing with weekly dosing for treating chemotherapy-induced anemia. Current Medical Research and Opinion 2007; 23(6):1387-401.
Lai JS, Beaumont JL, Ogale S, Brunetta P, Cella D. Validation of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy – Fatigue scale in patients with moderately to severely active systemic lupus erythematosus, participating in a clinical trial. J Rheumatol 2011; 38:672-9.
Lai JS, Cella D, Chang CH, Bode RK, Heinemann AW. Item banking to improve, shorten and computerize self-reported fatigue: an illustration of steps to create a core item bank from the FACIT-Fatigue Scale. Quality of Life Research 2003; 12(5):485-501.
Lai JS, Cook K, Stone A, Beaumont J, Cella D. Classical test theory and item response theory/Rasch model to assess differences between patient-reported fatigue reported using 7-day and 4-week recall periods. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2009; 62:991-997.
Lee JW, et al. Addition of danicopan to ravulizumab or eculizumab in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria and clinically significant extravascular haemolysis (ALPHA): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial. The Lancet Haematology. 2023;10(12):E955-E965.
Lee JW, Sicre de Fontbrune F, Wong Lee Lee L, Pessoa V, Gualandro S, Füreder W, Ptushkin V, Rottinghaus ST, Volles L, Shafner L, Aguzzi R, Pradhan R, Schrezenmeier H, Hill A. Ravulizumab (ALXN1210) vs eculizumab in adult patients with PNH naive to complement inhibitors: the 301 study. Blood. 2019 Feb 7;133(6):530-539. doi: 10.1182/blood-2018-09-876136. Epub 2018 Dec 3. PMID: 30510080; PMCID: PMC6367644.
Lindqvist D, Kaufman E, Brundin L, Hall S, Surova Y, Hansson O. Non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease – correlations with inflammatory cytokines in serum. PLoS One 2012; 7(10):e47387.
Littlewood TJ, Bajetta E, Nortier JWR, Vercammen E, Rapoport B. Effects of epoetin alfa on hematologic parameters and quality of life in cancer patients receiving nonplatinum chemotherapy: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2001; 19(11):2865-2874.
Littlewood TJ, Kallich JD, San Miguel J, Hendricks L, Hedenus M. Efficacy of darbepoetin alfa in alleviating fatigue and the effect of fatigue on quality of life in anemic patients with Lymphoproliferative malignancies. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 2006; 31(4):317-25.
Loftus EV, Feagan BG, Colombel JF, Rubin DT, Wu EQ, Yu AP, Pollack PF, Chao J, Mulani P. Effects of adalimumab maintenance therapy on health-related quality of life of patients with Crohn’s disease: patient-reported outcomes of the CHARM trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103:3132-3141.
Lower EE, Harman S, Baughman RP. Double-blind, randomized trial of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride for the treatment of sarcoidosis-associated fatigue. Chest 2008; 133(5):1189-95.
Macdonald JH, Fearn L, Jibani M, Marcora SM. Exertional fatigue in patients with CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 2012; 60(6):930-939.
Mallinson T, Cella D, Cashy J, Holzner B. Giving meaning to measure: linking self-reported fatigue and function to performance of everyday activities. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 2006; 31(3):229-41.
Mar Fan HG, Clemons M, Xu W, Chemerynsky I, Breunis H, Braganza S, Tannock IF. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of the effects fo d-methylphenidate on fatigue and cognitive dysfunction in women undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Supportive Care in Cancer 2008; 16(6):577-83.
Matulonis UA, Kornblith A, Lee H, Bryan J, Gibson C, Wells C, Lee J, Sullivan L, Penson R. Long-term adjustment of early-stage ovarian cancer survivors. International Journal of Gynecological Cancer 2008 [Epub ahead of print].
Matusiak L, Bieniek A, Szepietowski. Psychological aspects of hidradenitis suppurativa. Acta Derm Venereol 2010; 90:264-268.
Mayoux-Benhamou A, Giraudet-Le Quintrec JS, Ravaud P, Champion K, Dernis E, Zerkak D, Roy C, Kahan A, Revel M, Dougados M. Influence of patient education on exercise compliance in rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective 12-month randomized controlled trail. Journal of Rheumatology 2008; 35(2):216-23.
Mease PJ, Revicki DA, Szechinski J, Greenwald M, Kivitz A, Barile-Fabris L, Kalsi J, Eames J, Leirisalo-Repo M. Improved health-related quality of life for patients with active rheumatoid arthritis receiving rituximab: Results of the Dose-Ranging Assessment: International Clinical Evaluation of Rituximab in Rheumatoid Arthritis (DANCER) Trial. Journal of Rheumatology 2008; 35(1):20-30.
Mittendorf T, Dietz B, Sterz R, Kupper H, Cifaldi MA, von der Schulenburg JM. Improvement and longterm maintenance of quality of life during treatment with adalimumab in severe rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Rheumatology 2007; 34(12):2343-50.
Mok CC, Lok EYC, Cheung EFC. Concurrent psychiatric disorders are associated with significantly poorer quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2012; 41:253-259.
Mulrooney DA, Ness KK, Neglia JP, Whitton JA, Green DM, Zeltzer LK, Robison LL, Mertens AC. Fatigue and sleep disturbance in adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study (CCSS). Sleep 2008; 31(2):271-81.
Ng AK, Li S, Recklitis C, Neuberg D, Chakrabarti S, Silver B, Diller L. A comparison between long-term survivors of Hodgkin's disease and their siblings on fatigue level and factors predicting for increased fatigue. Annals of Oncology 2005; 16(12):1949-55.
Nilsson MH, Bladh S, Hagell P. Fatigue in Parkinson’s disease: measurement properties of a generic and a condition-specific rating scale. J Pain Symptom Manage 2013 [in press].
O'Shaughnessy JA, Vukelja SJ, Holmes FA, Savin M, Jones M, Royall D, George M, Von Hoff D. Feasibility of quantifying the effects of epoetin alfa therapy on cognitive function in women with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Clinical Breast Cancer 2005; 5(6):439-46.
Österborg A, Brandberg Y, Molostova V, Iosava G, Abdulkadyrov K, Hedenus M, Messinger D. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of recombinant human erythropoietin, epoetin beta, in hematologic malignancies. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2002; 20(10):2486-2494.
Patrick DL, Gagnon DD, Zagari MJ, Mathijs R, Sweeteham J. Assessing the clinical significance of health-related quality of life (HrQOL) improvements in anaemic cancer patients receiving epoetin alfa. European Journal of Cancer 2003; 39:335-345.
Power JD, Badley EM, French MR, Wall AJ, Hawker GA. Fatigue in osteoarthritis: a qualitative study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2008; 9:63.
Quirt I, Robeson C, Lau CY, Kovacs M, Burdette-Radoux S, Dolan S, Tang SC, McKenzie M, Couture F, the Canadian Eprex Oncology Study Group. Epoetin alfa therapy increases hemoglobin levels and improves quality of life in patients with cancer-related anemia who are not receiving chemotherapy and patients with anemia who are receiving chemotherapy. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2001; 19(21):4126-4134.
Quirt I, Robeson C, Lau CY, Kovacs M, Burdette-Radoux S, Dolan S, Tang SC, McKenzie M, Couture F. Epoetin alfa in patients not on chemotherapy – Canadian data. Seminars in Oncology 2002; 29(3, Suppl 8):75-80.
Rajagopal A, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Palmer JL, Kaur G, Bruera E. Symptomatic hypogonadism in male survivors of cancer with chronic exposure to opioids. Cancer 2004; 100(4):851-8.
Reddy S, Bruera E, Pace E, Zhang K, Reyes-Gibby CC. Clinically important improvement in the intensity of fatigue in patients with advanced cancer. Journal of Palliative Medicine 2007; 10(5):1068-75.
Reese JB, Shelby RA, Abernethy AP. Sexual concerns in lung cancer patients: an examination of predictors and moderating effects of age and gender. Support Care Cancer 2011; 19:161-165.
Revicki DA, Rentz AM, Luo MP, Wong RL. Psychometric characteristics of the short form 36 health survey and functional assessment of chronic illness therapy – fatigue subscale for patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2011; 9:36.
Revicki DA, Rentz AM, Luo MP, Wong RL, Doward LC, McKenna SP. Psychometric characteristics of the ankylosing spondylitis quality of life questionnaire, short form 36 health survey, and functional assessment of chronic illness therapy – fatigue subscale. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2009; 7(1):6.
Rizzo JD, Lichtin AE, Woolf SH, Seidenfeld J, Bennett CL, Cella DF, Djulbegovic B, Goode MJ, Jakubowski AA, Lee SJ, Miller CB, Rarick MU, Regan DH, Browman GP, Gordon MS. Use of epoetin in patients with cancer: evidence-based clinical practice guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the American Society of Hematology. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2002; 20(19):4083-4107.
Alexander Röth, Catherine M. Broome, Wilma Barcellini, Tor Henrik Anderson Tvedt, Yoshitaka Miyakawa, Shirley D’Sa, David Cella, Sylvie Bozzi, Deepthi Jayawardene, Ronnie Yoo, Frank Shafer, Marek Wardęcki, Ilene C. Weitz; Long-term sutimlimab improves quality of life for patients with cold agglutinin disease: CARDINAL 2-year follow-up. Blood Adv 2023; 7 (19): 5890–5897. doi: https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2022009318
Savonije JH, van Groeningen CJ, Wormhoudt LW, Giaccone G. Early intervention with epoetin alfa during platinum-based chemotherapy: an analysis of the results of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial based on initial hemoglobin level. Oncologist 2006; 11(2):206-16.
Savonije JH, van Groeningen CJ, Wormhoudt LW, Giaccone G. Early Intervention with epoetin alfa during platinum-based chemotherapy: an analysis of quality-of-life results of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial compared with population normative data. Oncologist 2006; 11(2):197-205.
Shafqat A, Einhorn LH, Hanna N, Sledge GW, Hanna A, Juliar BE, Monahan P, Bhatia S. Screening studies for fatigue and laboratory correlates in cancer patients undergoing treatment. Annals of Oncology 2005; 16(9):1545-50.
Shah SA, Khaliq T, Saleem S. Fatigue Assessment Using FACIT-F Scale in Spondyloarthropathy Patients and its Correlation with BASDAI and BASFI Scores. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2024 Jan;34(1):63-67. doi: 10.29271/jcpsp.2024.01.63. PMID: 38185963.
Signorovitch J, Brainsky A, Grotzinger KM. Validation of the FACIT-fatigue subscale, selected items from FACT-thrombocytopenia, and the SF-36v2 in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia. Qual Life Res 2011; 20:1737-1744.
Smith E, Lai JS, Cella D. Building a measure of fatigue: the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Fatigue Scale. PM&R 2010; 2(5):359-363.
Smith RE, Tchekmedyian NS, Chan D, Meza LA, Northfelt DW, Patel R, Austin M, Colowick A, Rossi G, Glaspy J. A dose- and schedule-finding study of darbepoetin alpha for the treatment of chronic anaemia of cancer. British Journal of Cancer 2003; 88(12):1851-1858.
Spichiger E, Müller-Fröhlich C, Denhaerynck K, Stoll H, Hantikainen V, Dodd M. Prevalence and contributors to fatigue in individuals hospitalized with advanced cancer: a prospective, observational study. Int J Nursing Studies 2012; 49:1146-1154.
Stockler MR, O’Connell R, Nowak AK, Goldstein D, Turner J, Wilcken NR, Wyld D, Abdi EA, Glasgow A, Beale PJ, Jefford M, Dhillon H, Heritier S, Carter C, Hickie IB, Simes RJ, Zoloft’s Effects on Symptoms and Survival Time Trial Group. Effect of sertraline on symptoms and survival in patients with advanced cancer but without major depression: a placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial. Lancet Oncology 2007; 8(7):603-12.
Stone PC, Abdul-Wahab A, Gibson JS, Wright RJ, Andrews PL. Fatigue in cancer patients is not related to changes in oxyhaemoglobin dissociation. Supportive Care in Cancer 2005; 13(10):854-8.
Strand V, Rentz AM, Cifaldi MA, Chen N, Roy S, Revicki D. Health-related quality of life outcomes of adalimumab for patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: results from a randomized multicenter study. J Rheumatol 2012; 39:63-72.
Strand V, Levy RA, Cervera R, Petri MA, Birch H, Freimuth WW, Zhong ZJ, Clarke AE, for the BLISS-52 and -76 study groups. Improvements in health-related quality of life with belimumab, a B-lymphocyte stimulator-specific inhibitor, in patients with autoantibody-positive systemic lupus erythematosus from the randomized controlled BLISS trials. Ann Rheum Dis 2013a.
Strand V, Schett G, Hu CC, Stevens RM. Patient-reported health-related quality of life with apremilast for psoriatic arthritis: a phase II, randomized, controlled study. J Rheumatol 2013; 40:1158-1165.
Strasser F, Palmer JL, Schover LR, Yusuf SW, Pisters K, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, DeGracia B, Willey JS, Bruera E. The impact of hypogonadism and autonomic dysfunction on fatigue, emotional function, and sexual desire in male patients with advanced cancer: a pilot study. Cancer 2006; 107(12):2949-57.
Strickland G, Pauling J, Cavill C, McHugh N. Predictors of health-related quality of life and fatigue in systemic sclerosis: evaluation of the EuroQol-5D and FACIT-F assessment tools. Clin Rheumatol 2012; 31:1215-1222.
Stridsman C, Müllerova H, Skär L, Lindberg A. Fatigue in COPD and the impact of respiratory symptoms and heart disease – a population-based study. COPD 2013; 10:125-132.
Tchekmedyian NS, Kallich J, McDermott A, Fayers P, Erder MH. The relationship between psychologic distress and cancer-related fatigue. Cancer 2003; 98(1):198-203.
Tchen N, Juffs HG, Downie FP, Yi QL, Hu H, Chemerynsky I, Clemons M, Crump M, Goss PE, Warr D, Tweedale ME, Tannock IF. Cognitive function, fatigue, and menopausal symptoms in women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2003; 21(22):4175-83.
Temel JS, Pirl WF, Recklitis CJ, Cashavelly B, Lynch TJ. Feasibility and validity of a one-item fatigue screen in a thoracic oncology clinic. Journal of Thoracic Oncology 2006; 1(5):454-9.
Thein M, Ershler WB, Artz AS, Tecson J, Robinson BE, Rothstein G, Liede A, Gylys-Colwell I, Lu ZJ, Robbins S. Diminished quality of life and physical function in community-dwelling elderly with anemia. Medicine 2009; 88:107-114.
Tinsley A, Macklin EA, Korzenik JR, Sand BE. Validation of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy – Fatigue (FACIT-F) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 34:1328-1336.
Tsang KL, Carlson LE, Olson K. Pilot crossover trial of Reiki versus rest for treating cancer-related fatigue. Integrative Cancer Therapies 2007; 6(1):25-35.
Tyring S, Gottlieb A, Papp K, Gordon K, Leonardi C, Wang A, Lalla D, Woolley M, Jahreis A, Zitnik R, Cella D, Krishnan R. Etanercept and clinical outcomes, fatigue, and depression in psoriasis: double-blind placebo-controlled randomised phase III trial. Lancet 2006; 367(9504):29-35.
Vadhan-Raj S, Mirtsching B, Charu V, Terry D, Rossi G, Tomita D, and McGuire WP. Assessment of hematologic effects and fatigue in cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia given darbepoetin alfa every two weeks. Journal of Supportive Oncology 2003; 1(2):1-8.
Valle LA, Gorodeski Baskin RL, Porter K, Sipos JA, Khawaja R, Ringel MD, Kloos RT. In thyroidectomized patients with thyroid cancer, a serum thyrotropin of 30 μU/mL after thyroxine withdrawal is not always adequate for detecting an elevated stimulated serum thyroglobulin. Thyroid 2013; 23(2):185-193.
Van Belle S, Paridaens R, Evers G, Kerger J, Bron D, Foubert J, Ponnet G, Vander Steichel D, Heremans C, Rosillon D. Comparison of proposed diagnostic criteria with FACT-F and VAS for cancer-related fatigue: proposal for use as a screening tool. Supportive Care in Cancer 2005; 13(4):246-54.
Vansteenkiste J, Pirker R, Massuti B, Barata F, Font A, Fiegl M, Siena S, Gateley J, Tomita D, Colowidk AB, and Musil J. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized phase III trial of darbepoetin alfa in lung cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2002; 94(16):1211-1220.
Viala M, Bhakar AL, de la Loge C, van de Velde H, Esseltine D, Chang M, Dhawan R, Dubois D. Patient-reported outcomes helped predict survival in multiple myeloma using partial least squares analysis. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2007; 60(7):670-9.
Webster K., Cella D., Yost K. The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) measurement system: Properties applications, and interpretation. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2003; 1(1): 79-85.
Weitz I, Meyers G, Lamy T, Cahn JY, Uranga MT, Garcia Vela JA, Sanz MA, Severino B, Kelly RJ, Hillmen P, Hill A. Cross-sectional validation study of patient-reported outcomes in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. Internal Medicine Journal 2013; 43(3):298-307.
Witzig TE, Silberstein PT, Loprinzi CL, Sloan JA, Novotny PJ, Mailliard JA, Rowland KM, Alberts SR, Krook JE, Levitt R, Morton RF. Phase III, randomized, double-blind study of epoetin alfa compared with placebo in anemic patients receiving chemotherapy. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005; 23(12):2606-17.
Wratten C, Kilmurray J, Nash S, Seldon M, Hamilton CS, O'Brien PC, Denham JW. Fatigue during breast radiotherapy and its relationship to biological factors. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 2004; 59(1):160-7.
Yates P, Aranda S, Hargraves M, Mirolo B, Clavarino A, McLachlan S, Skerman H. Randomized controlled trial of an educational intervention for managing fatigue in women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005; 23(25):6027-36.
Yennurajalingam S, Frisbee-Hume S, Palmer JL, Delgado-Guay MO, Bull J, Phan AT, Tannir NM, Litton JK, Reddy A, Hui D, Dalal S, Massie L, Reddy SK, Bruera E. Reduction of cancer-related fatigue with dexamethasone: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in patients with advanced cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Sep 1;31(25):3076-82. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.44.4661. Epub 2013 Jul 29. PMID: 23897970.
Yost K.J., Eton D.T. Combining distribution- and anchor-based approaches to determine minimally important differences: The FACIT experience. Evaluation & the Health Professions 2005; 28(2): 172-191.
Yount S, Sorensen MV, Cella D, Sengupta N, Grober J, Chartash EK. Adalimumab plus methotrexate or standard therapy is more effective than methotrexate or standard therapies alone in the treatment of fatigue in patients with active, inadequately treated rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 2007; 25(6):838-46.
Related Measures